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References
There are thousands of popular and scientific publications that regard organisms of the Washington, D.C., Area. We list selected references below as well as publications of general interest at the bottom of the page.
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Barrows, Edward M. 2001. Animal Behavior Desk Reference, Second Edition: A Dictionary of Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 922 pages.
Behler, J. L., and F. Wayne King. 1996. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 743 pp.
Borror, D. J., C. A. Triplehorn, and N. F. Johnson. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of Insects. Sixth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA. 875 pp.
Borror, D. J., and R. E. White. 1970. A Field Guide to the Insects of America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 404 pp.
Brown, R. G. and M. L. Brown. 1972. Woody Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, MD. 347 pp. 1992 reprint.
Brown, M. L. and R. G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Port City Press, MD. 1127 pp.
Bull, J. and J. Farrand, Jr. 1998 (1984). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds. Eastern Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 797 pp.
Buchmann, S. L. and G. P. Nabhan. 1996. The Forgotten Pollinators. Island Press, Washington, D. C. 292 pp.
CCC
Cobb, B. 1963 (1956). A Field Guide to the Ferns. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 281 pp.
Covell, C. V., Jr. 1984. A Field Guide to the Moths of Eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 496 pp.
DDD
Downie, N. M., and R. H. Arnett, Jr. 1996. The Beetles of Northeastern North America. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, FL. Vol. 1. i-xiv + 880 pp.
Vol. 2. i-x + 891-1721.
Dunkle, S. W. 1989. Dragonflies of the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda, and the Bahamas. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL. 154 pp.
Dunkle, S. W. 1990. Damselflies of Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL. 148 pp.
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Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. Eight Edition. American Book Company, New York, NY. 1632 pp.
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III
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KKK
Krombein, K. V., P. D. Hurd, Jr., D. R. Smith, and B. D. Burks. 1979. Catalog of the Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. 3 Volumes. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 2735 pp.
LLL
Lincoff, Gary H. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. 926 pp.
Little, Elbert L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees. Eastern Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 714 pp.
MMM
McKnight, K. H. and V. B. McKnight. 1987. A Field Guide to Mushrooms. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 429 pp.
Michener, C. D. 20000. The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. 913 pp.
Michener, C. D., R. J. McGinley, and B. N. Danforth. 1994. The Bee Genera of North and Central America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. 209 pp.
Milne, L. and M. Milne. 1997 (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders. 989 pp.
Mitchell, T. B. 1960. Bees of Eastern United States. North Carolina Agriculture Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 141. Volume 1. 538 pp. Volume 2. 557 pp.
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National Geographic Society. 1994. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC. 464 pp.
Niering, W. A., and N. C. Olmstead. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers. Eastern Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY. 887 pp.
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Opler, P. A. and V. Malikul. 1992. A Field Guide to the Eastern Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 396 pp.
O'Toole, C. and A. Raw. 1991. Bees of the World. Facts On File, New York, NY. 102 pp.
Otte, D. 1981. The North American Grasshoppers. Volume 1. Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 304 pp.
Otte, D. 1981. The North American Grasshoppers. Volume 2. Acrididae: Gomphocerinae and Acridinae. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 352 pp.
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Peterson, R. T. 1980. A Field Guide to the Birds. A Completely New Guide to All the Birds of Eastern and Central North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 384 pp.
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Slater, James A. and Richard M. Baranowski. 1978. How to Know the True Bugs (Hemiptera B Heteroptera). Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque, IA. 256 pp.
Strausbaugh, P.D. and E. L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia. Second Edition. Seneca Books, Inc., Grantsville, WV. 1079 pp.
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Wauer, R. H. 1992. The Visitor=s Guide to the Birds of the Eastern National Parks. United States and Canada. John Muir Publications, Santa Fe, NM. 388 pp.
White, R. E. 1983. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 368 pp.
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Articles of General Interest:
Abu-Asab, M. S., P. M. peterson, S. G. Shetler and S. S. Orli. 2001. Earlier plant flowering in spring as a response to global warming in the Washington, DC, area. Biodiversity and Conservation 10 : 597-612.
Adrienne, B., B. Venables and E. M. Barrows. 1985. Skippers: Pollinators or nectar thieves? Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 39(4): 299-312.
Agrawal, A. A. 1999. Induced responses to herbivory in wild radish: Effects on several herbivores and plant fitness. Ecology 80(5): 1713-1723.
Andersen, D. C. 1987. Below-ground herbivory in natural communities: A review emphasizing fossorial animals. The Quarterly Review of Biology 62(3): 261-286.
Arnold, S. J. 1983. Morphology, performance and fitness. American Zoologist 23: 347-361.
Ayala, F. 2000. Neutralism and selectionism: the molecular clock. Gene 291(1): 27-33.
Ayres, M. P. 1997. Diversity of structure and antiherbivore activity in condensed tannins. Ecology 78(6): 1696--1712.
Barrows, E. M., W. J. Bell and C. D. Michener. 1975. Individual odor differences and their social functions in insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72(7): 2824-2828.
Barrows, E. M. 1978. Male behavior in Andrena erigeniae (Hymenopotera: Andrenidae) with comparative notes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 51(4): 1978.
Barrows, E. M. and M. E. Hooker. 1981. Parasitization of the Mexican Bean Beetle by Pediobius foveolatus in urban vegetable gardens. Environmental Entomology 10: 782-786.
Barrows, E. M., J. S. Defilippo and M. Tavallali. 1983. Urban community gardener knowledge of Arthropods in vegetable gardens in Washington, D.C. Urban Entomology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. : 107-126.
Barrows, E. M. 1984. Perch sites and food of adult chinese mantids (Dictyoptera: Mantidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 86(4): 898-901.
Barrows, E. M., S. S. Wolf and D. M. Lynch. 1994. Diflubenzuron effect on yellowjacket (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) worker numbers in a central Appalachian broadleaf forest. Journal of Economic Entomology 87(6): 1488-1493.
Baskin, Y. 2002. The Greening of horticulture: New codes of conduct aim to curb plant invasions. Bioscience 52(6): 464-473.
Bater, J. E. 1991. A trap design for combined insect emergence and soil arthropod extraction from soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 34: 231-234.
Beckerman, A. P., M. Uriarte and O. J. Schmitz. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. 94 : 10735-10738.
Benrey, B. and R. F. Denno. 1997. The slow-growth–high-mortality hypothesis: A test using the cabbage butterfly. Ecology 78(4): 987-999.
Berdegue, M., J. Trumble, J. Hare and R. Redak. 1996. Is it enemy-free space? The evidence for terrestrial insects and freshwater arthropods. ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 21(3): 203-217.
Berlow, E. L. 1999. Strong effects of weak interactions in ecological communities. Nature 398: 330-334.
Bernard, E. C. 2002. COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF SOIL INVERTEBRATES: SUMMARY REPORT. Cherokee Central School District : 1-34.
Bertness, M. D. 1984. Habitat and Community Modification by An Introduced Herbivorous Snail. Ecology 65: 370-381.
Boomsma, J. J. and F. L. W. Ratnieks. 1996. Paternity in eusocial Hymenoptera. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 351(1342): 947-975.
Borges, P. A. V. and V. K. Brown. 1998. Effect of island geological age on the arthropod species richness of Azorean pastures. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 66(3): 373-410.
Borges, P. A. V. 1999. Plant and arthropod species composition of sown and
semi-natural pasture communities of three Azorean islands. Arquipélago 17: 1-21.
Borges, P. A. V. 1999. A list of arthropod species of sown and semi-natural pastures of three Azorean islands (S. Maria, Terceira and Pico) with some
conservation remarks. Açoreana 9(1): 13-34.
Borges, P. A. V., A. R. M. Serrano and J. A. Quartau. 2000. Ranking the Azorean natural forest reserves for conservation using their endemic arthropods. Journal of Insect Conservation 4: 126-147.
Borges, P. A. V. and V. K. Brown. 2001. Phytophagous insects and web-building spiders in relation to pasture vegetation complexity. Ecography 24(1): 68-82.
Borges, P. A. V. and V. K. Brown. Submitted. Studying arthropods in pastures: the need for complementary use of suction sampling and pitfall trapping methods. Bulletin of Entomological Research .
Bossart, J. L. and C. E. Carlton. 2002. Insect Conservation in America: status and perspectives. American Entomologist 48: 82-92.
Boulinier, T., J. D. Nichols, J. E. Hines, J. R. Sauer, C. H. Flather and K. H. Pollock. 2001. Forest fragmentation and bird community dynamics: Inference at regional scales. Ecology 82(6): 1159-1169.
Brockmann, H. J., A. Grafen and R. Dawkins. 1979. Evolutionarily stable nesting strategy in a digger wasp. Journal of Theoretical Biology 77(4): 473-496.
Brown, L., J. MacDonnell and V. J. Fitzgerald. 1985. Courtship and female choice in the Horned Beetle, Bolitotherus cornutus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78: 423-427.
Brown, J. W. 2001. Species turnover in the leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Plummers Island, Maryland: Assessing a century of inventory data. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 103(3): 673-685.
Bruckner, A., G. Barth and M. Scheibengraf. 2000. Composite sampling enhances the confidence of soil microarthropod abundance and species richness estimates. Pedobiologia 44(1): 63-74.
Burger, J. C., M. A. Patten, T. R. Prentice and R. A. Redak. 2001. Evidence for spider community resilience to invasion by non-native spiders. Biological Conservation 98(2): 241-249.
Cabin, R. J., S. G. Weller, D. H. Lorence, S. Cordell and L. J. Hadway. 2002. Effects of microsite, water, weeding, and direct seeding on the regeneration of native and alien species within a Hawaiian dry forest preserve. Biological Conservation 104(2): 181-190.
Callaway, R. M. and E. T. Aschehoug. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old Neighbors: A mechanism for exotic invasion. Science 290: 521-523.
Cam, E., J. D. Nichols, J. E. Hines, J. R. Sauer, R. Alpizar-Jara and C. H. Flather. 2002. Disentangling sampling and ecological explanations underlying species-area relationships. Ecology 83(4): 1118-1130.
Cavill, G. W. K. and P. L. Robertson. 1965. Ant venoms, attractants, and repellents. Science 149(3690): 1337-1345.
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Experimental evidence and a research agenda for the future. Bioscience 48(1): 45-52.
Chavarria, G. 2000. Pollinator Conservation. Renewable Resources Journal 17(4): 18-22.
Chen, B. and D. Wise. 1999. Bottom-up limitation of predaceous arthropods in a detritus-based terrestrial food web. Ecology 80(3): 761-772.
Cicero, M. and E. M. Barrows. 2000. Milesiine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a central appalachian broadleaf forest: Abundances, flight periods and diflubenzuron. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102(1): 50-57.
Clinton, W. J. 1999. Invasive Species, Executive Order 13112. Federal Register 64(25): Presidential Documents 64FR6183.
Cole, F. R., A. C. Medeiros, L. L. Loope and W. W. Zuehlke. 1992. Effects of the Argentine Ant on Arthropod fauna of Hawaiian high-elevation shrubland. Ecology 73(4): 1313-1322.
Cole(Jr.), A. C. 1940. A Guide to the Ants of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. American Midland Naturalist 24(1): 1-88.
Coley, P. D., J. P. Bryant and F. S. Chapin. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230(4728): 895-899.
Colwell, R. K. and J. A. Coddington. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 345(1311): 101-118.
Conery, M. L. a. J. S. 2000. The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes. Science 290: 1151-1155.
Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 1999(4335): 1302-1310.
Connor, R. C. 1986. Pseudo-reciprocity: Investing in mutualism. Animal Behavior 34: 1562-1584.
Costanza, R., R. d’Arge, R. d. Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso†, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R. V. O’Neill††, J. Paruelo‡‡, R. G. Raskin, P. Sutton and M. v. d. Belt. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem
services and natural capital. Nature 387: 252-260.
Coyne, J. A. 1992. Genetics and speciation. Nature 355: 511-515.
Crabill, R. E. 1980? The Genus Strigamia. unpublished .
Crisp, P. N., K. J. M. Dickinson and G. W. Gibbs. 1998. Does native invertebrate diversity reflect Native plant diversity? A case study from New Zealand and implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 83(2): 209-220.
Daily, G. C., T. Söderqvist, S. Aniyar, K. Arrow, P. Dasgupta, P. R. Ehrlich, C. Folke, A. Jansson, B.-O. Jansson, N. Kautsky, S. Levin, J. Lubchenco, K.-G. Mäler, D. Simpson, D. Starrett, D. Tilman and B. Walker. 2000. Ecology. The value of nature and the nature of value. Science 289: 395-396.
Damman, H. 1987. Leaf quality and enemy avoidance by the larvae of a pyralid moth. Ecology 68(1): 88-97.
Dean, J., D. J. Aneshansley, H. E. Edgerton and T. Eisner. 1990. Defensive spray of the Bombardier Beetle: A biological pulse jet. Science 248(4960): 1219-1221.
Dussourd, D. E. and T. Eisner. 1987. Vein-cutting behavior: Insect counterploy to the latex defense of plants. Science 237(4817): 898-901.
Dyer, L. A. 1995. Tasty generalists and nasty specialists? Antipredator mechanisms in tropical lepidopteran larvae. Ecology 76(5): 1483-1496.
Ehrlich, P. R. and E. O. Wilson. 1991. Biodiversity Studies: Science and Policy. Science 253(5021): 758-762.
Enserink, M. 1999. Predicting invasions: biological invaders sweep in. Science 285: 1834-1836.
Farrell, B. D. 1998. "Inordinate Fondness" explained: Why are there so many beetles? Science 281: 555-559.
Fensham, R. J. and I. D. Cowie. 1998. Alien plant invasions on the tiwi islands. Extent, implications and priorities for control. Biological Conservation 83(1): 55-68.
Fichter, E. 1941. Apparatus for the comparison of soil surface Arthropod populations. Ecology 22(3): 338-339.
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Gremmen, N. J. M., S. L. Chown and D. J. Marshall. 1998. Impact of the introduced grass Agrostis stolonifera on vegetation and soil fauna communities at Marion Island, sub-Antarctic. Biological Conservation 85(3): 223-231.
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Griffith, M. B., E. M. Barrows and S. A. Perry. 1998. Lateral dispersal of adult aquatic insects (Plecoptera, Trichoptera) following emergence from headwater streams in forested Appalachian catchments. ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 91(2): 195-201.
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Lazri, B. and E. Barrows. 1984. Flower visiting and pollen transport by the Imported Cabbage Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in a highly disturbed urban habitat. Environmental Entomology 13: 574-578.
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Levings, S. C. 1983. Seasonal, Annual, and Among-site Variation in the Ground Ant Community of a Deciduous Tropical Forest: Some Causes of Patchy Species Distributions. Ecological Monographs 53(4): 435-455.
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NOAA. 2002. DCA temperature and precipitation. 2002(06/06/2002).
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